This grain is basically originated from india or africa. Pearl millet diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Barnyard millet, crop management, drought stress, finger millet, foxtail millet, genetic resources, growth and development, kodo millet, proso millet, sorghum. Processing these for human consumption is essentially a matter of cleaning and grading the grains.
Pearl millet nutritional quality and fertilization of. Total millet cultivation area was 20 feet wide and 200 feet long. The field should be ploughed once or twice followed by harrowing to create fine. Four plots were set up at the gill tract each containing one of the above varieties of millet.
Evidence of sorghum cultivation and possible pearl millet in the second millennium bc at kassala, eastern sudan. Major statewise area, production and yield of finger millet average of 200914. Marieme drame abstract agricultural production is the main source of income and major employer in many countries in africa, including senegal. Shadang and jaganathan formulated the bakery products like biscuits, cakes and cookies using foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet and pearl millet added with wheat flour. This fouryear study based on two experiments assessed different lowcost methods for intensification of sorghum and millet production under contrasting rainfall conditions in mali. Producers seeking graintype pearl millet are cared to clarify that the seed they are purchasing is not a forage type pearl millet, of which there are several varieties obtainable. Pearl millet preparation of land pearl millet can be grown in different soils.
Oct 01, 2019 the total cost incurred in 1acre pearl millet cultivation. Tillering is primarily from basal nodes, and the number of tillers. To correct the zinc deficiency in standing crop, spray of 0. Pearl millet may grow from 50 cm to 4m tall, and may tiller profusely under favourable weather conditions. Bajra is a coarse grain crop and considered to be the poor mans staple nourishment and suitable to cultivate in drylands. Apr 27, 2018 shadang and jaganathan formulated the bakery products like biscuits, cakes and cookies using foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet and pearl millet added with wheat flour. Pearl millet is most suitable for dryland agriculture rajasthan, punjab, haryana, maharastra, tamil nadu, gujarat are the major pearl millet growing states in india. Pearl millet nutritional quality and fertilization of sweet. Pearl millet plants are generally a shortday plant, but some varieties of millet plants are day length neutral. Hello friends, today we are here with bajra cultivation income peral milletssajjalu, yield and project report for 1 one acre plantation. Who this manual is for the manual is for the use of students, teacherstrainers, extension officers and farmers interested in crop management and seed production of pearl millet. The latest list of hybrids and varieties of pearl millet is given below.
Pdf on jan 1, 2007, i s khairwal and others published pearl millet crop management and seed production manual find, read and cite all. But, pearl millet can be grown in areas which receive even less than 350 mm of seasonal rainfall. Pearl millet has long leaves that are slender and smooth or have hairy surfaces. The field should be ploughed once or twice followed by harrowing to create fine tilth selection of high yielding hybrids and varieties. Pearl millet grown for grain has a growth habit similar to sorghum. Pearl millet is a summer annual crop wellsuited for double cropping and rotations. Pearl millet is the important millet crop belongs to the family poaceae. Area trends of pearl millet in india are constantly declining. Descended from a wild west african grass, it was domesticated more than 4,000 years ago, probably in what is now the heart of the sahara desert see map, page 80.
Pearl millet is a rich source of phosphorus, which plays an important part in the structure of body cells. The pearl millet crop in the experiment was sown at a density of 18. Staggenborg department of agronomy, kansas state university, manhattan, ks 66506, usa keywords. Due to pearl millet s large stems, hay production is difficult without a hay or mower conditioner, and extra. Pdf pearl millet crop management and seed production manual. Why this manual pearl millet yields are low in farmers fields, but the yield potential of popular varieties is high. Pearl millet production is hampered by numerous problems and as such there is a need to find ways of improving its. Growth habits and requirements pearl millet is a summer annual crop wellsuited for double cropping and rotations.
Emergence occurs in two to four days under favorable conditions. Several field trials with pearl millet were conducted by the author at university of missouri research farms during 19911994. Pearl millet diseases and pests, description, uses. The area planted, spouse age and years of pearl millet cultivation were. The forage types are much taller 7 to 8 feet and have a small seed yield. Processing millets the three most widely available millets in the market place today sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet are naked grains, i. These new hybrid types of pearl millet are shorter in stature for easier combining, and.
Bajra cultivation income pearl millet, yield, profit guide. Pdf evidence of sorghum cultivation and possible pearl. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is an introduced, annual, warm season crop widely grown throughout the united states for grazing. Stems left standing in the field after grain harvest are low in digestibility and nutrients newman et al. Cultivation practices of pearl millet year2 youtube. Pdf production and consumption of minor millets in india a. The millets are considered to have been cultivated in india from prehistoric times. Of all the worlds cereals, pearl millet pennisetum glaucum 1 is the sixth most important. Energy pearl millet is a rich source of energy 361 kcal100g which is comparable with commonly consumed cereals such as wheat 346 kcal100g, rice 345kcal100g maize 125 kcal100g and sorghum. In general, pearl millet management is very similar to growing sorghum. Due to pearl millets large stems, hay production is difficult without a hay or mower conditioner, and extra. Pearl millet is an erect, shortday dave, 1987 annual grass that tillers more profusely than sorghum. The major pearl millet growing states in india are rajasthan, maharashtra, gujarat, uttar pradesh and. It does not grow well in soils prone to waterlogged conditions.
Purpose pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is a rich source of nutrients as compared to the major cultivated cereal crops. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is an introduced, annual, warmseason crop widely grown throughout the united states for grazing. The millets are a group of highly variable smallseeded grasses. Postharvest operations page 6 pearl millet the development and structure of pearl millet is similar to that of sorghum, with some exceptions. Sep 05, 2018 cultivation practices of pearl millet. Their importance as an article of human food can be realized from the fact that about 30 million acres in india fall under millets.
Pearl millet will have higher cp levels if it fertilized with n. Improving pearl millet pennisetum glaucum productivity. Pearl millet highly tolerant to high temperature, adaptable to poor soil, low vulnerability to disease and insect, pests and has good nutritive value. Review of pearl millet research pearl millet pennisetum glaucum l. Of the total area of 23 million ha under millets,small millets alone account for about 3. Pearl millet is a very robust grass which tillers widely and grows in tufts. Pearl millet is a warm season annual grass crop that is best known in the u. It is used a feed, food and raw material in soft drink industry.
Pearl millet seed production and processing chapter page no. Pearl millet nutrition facts health benefits, nutritional. Production guidelines pearl millet department of agriculture. However, major factors which limit its utilization are the presence of. Cultivation of millets and their uses in india cultivation. Traditional cultivation of pearl millet in africa relies on rainfall to irrigate the plants and involves the application of little to no nitrogen fertilizers. The recent development of new, adaptable and productive grain pearl millet hybrids in the southeast gives crop producers a suitable alternative feed grain for dryland production. It is a tall, erect, annual bunchgrass growing from 615 ft in height. These plants sensitive to low temperatures at the seedling stage and at flowering period. Apr 02, 2019 pearl millet varieties are hybrids, so new seed should be purchased each year.
The pearl millet strategy was initiated in december, 2009 and discussions took place with. Phosphorus, found in pearl millets, is a significant component of several necessary compounds including adenosine triphosphate atp. Pearl millet is a c 4 plant and major coarse millet well adopted for hot and arid regions of the world and it have place of prominence its tolerance to drought, heat and soil salinity along with its higher water use efficiency makes it a climatesmart crop. Pearl millet holds significant economic importance in india as it is an important source of food and fodder for resourcepoor farmers in the arid and semiarid regions of the country. Pearl millet, also called cattail millet, bullrush, millet, candle millet, and penicillaria fig. Background on the development of the global strategy for the ex situ conservation of pearl millet the development of the strategy involved the following main steps. Comparing pearl, japanese, foxtail, and proso millet. New varieties of pearl millet, however, are being developed for use as a grain crop. Today, we discuss major millets farming and their cultivation procedure introduction. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is a native african cereal cultivated in the arid and semiarid tropics of africa and asia. Availability and utilization of pearl millet in india. In zinc deficient soils of the pearl millet growing area of the country, application of 10 kg znso4ha is recommended.
Crude protein levels in pearl millet range from 12 to 14 percent. This manual has specific steps for cultivating finger millet with sri methods. Seed production in pearl millet bajra is common minor millet of india with wider industrial and household utility. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is the most widely grown type of millet. Sustainable intensification of sorghum and pearl millet. It germinates well at soil temperatures of 75 to 90 o f. Pearl millet, pennisetum glaucum, is an annual grass in the family poaceae which is grown widely in africa and india for its grain which can be used to make flour and other foodstuffs. Bajra cultivation income pearl millet, yield, profit. Background on the development of the global strategy for. Background on the development of the global strategy for the. In the cultivation of one acre pearl millet crop farmer need to spend around rs. It does use small amounts of purchased inputs along with mostly organic inputs. Pearl millet nutritional quality and fertilization of sweet corn in senegal.
Stems are pithy, tiller freely and produce an inflorescence with a dense spikelike panicle which is 35,56 cm long or 2,54 cm or less in diameter. There might be slight differences in the total cost of cultivation of pearl millet from cost mentioned above depending upon various factors. The reason for this is often the application of nitrogen promoted vigorous early growth that can result in the plants using up water required at later stages of growth. Production and consumption of minor millets in india a structural break analysis 5 table 6. The center of diversity, and suggested area of domestication, for the crop is in the sahel zone of west africa. Growing pearl millet, cultivation practices for beginners. Pearl millet can be considered a lowinput crop, but does respond to fertile soil conditions and good management practices. Plot design for pearl, japanese, foxtail, and proso millet.
The species is morphologically complex, and cultivated, 15 weed and 6 wild species have been recorded. Emend stuntz is one of the most important among the millets or nutritious coarse grain cereals. The four most important millets cultivated in africa table iv3 are. Pearl millet is a warm season annual grass that is best known in the u. Intercropping of pearl millet and sorghum or other crop species is sometime. Pearl millet is a hardy plant capable of yielding a crop where most other grain cereals would fail. Grain yield distributions of pearl millet in maharashtra, 201011 to 2012. Pearl millet is the major millet grown in africa spencer and sivakumar, 1987 and it is the fourth most important cereal food crop grown in india harinarayana. Total metabolizable energy of pearl millet is similar to corn. Pdf production and consumption of minor millets in india.
Pearl millet is a warm season crop, planted in early summer when soils have warmed up. Between 197273 and 200405, nearly 3 million ha has been diverted from pearl millet cultivation to other crops, such as wheat, rapeseed mustard, cotton, chickpea and. Jun 17, 2015 pearl millet is a rich source of phosphorus, which plays an important part in the structure of body cells. In west africa, pearl millet is grown in the north, where rainfall is less than 76 cm per annum, while sorghum replaces millet in the wetter south. In indiana, it reaches the stage of 50% flowering in about 60 to 70 days from planting. For thousands of years, millet farms have been growing a range of millets such as sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, proso millet, barnyard millet alongside pulses red gram, cowpea, beans, green gram, black gram, lentils and oilseeds sesame, niger. It has been grown in africa and the indian subcontinent since prehistoric times. For transplanted crop, it may require 4 to 5 kgha with a spacing of 25 cm x 15 cm. Watch this video to know more about the cultivation practices of pearl millet and the varieties of pearl millet. Pearl millet has about 378 calories per 100 gm of weight.
Bajra is popularly known as pearl millet and belongs to the family of gramineae. Sorghum and pearl millet are the most important stable crops in the drylands of west africa. Foreword iii tables vii figures viii annexures ix 1. Seed rate, season, sowing and spacing of finger millet plants. At individual country level, india has the largest area 7 millon ha with 9. May 17, 2017 watch this video to know more about the cultivation practices of pearl millet and the varieties of pearl millet.